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In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north – south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body. Latitude is given as an angle that ranges from −90° at the south pole to 90° at the north pole, with 0° at the Equator. Lines of constant latitude, or parallels, run east–west as circles ...
Geographical zone. The five main latitude regions of Earth's surface comprise geographical zones, [ 1 ] divided by the major circles of latitude. The differences between them relate to climate. They are as follows: The North Frigid Zone, between the North Pole at 90° N and the Arctic Circle at 66°33′50.1″ N, covers 4.12% of Earth's surface.
On the ellipsoid or on spherical projection, all circles of latitude are rhumb lines, except the Equator. The latitude of the circle is approximately the angle between the Equator and the circle, with the angle's vertex at Earth's centre. The Equator is at 0°, and the North Pole and South Pole are at 90° north and 90° south, respectively.
t. e. A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.
As the Earth's axial tilt changes [a], so too do the tropical and polar circles. The tropics constitute 39.8% of Earth's surface area [1] and contain 36% of Earth's landmass. [2] As of 2014, the region was home also to 40% of the world's population, and this figure was then projected to reach 50% by 2050.
This article contains a list of notable circles of latitude on Earth. Day length for any latitude, and sunrise and sunset times on any longitude, can be calculated for any date using, for example, the sunrise equation. Online calculators are also available, such as from NOAA. [1]
A Köppen–Geiger climate map showing temperate climates for 1991-2020 The different geographical zones of the world. The temperate zones, in the sense of geographical regions defined by latitude, span from either north or south of the subtropics (north or south of the yellow dotted lines, at 35 degrees north or south) to the polar circles.
Relationship of Earth's axial tilt (ε) to the tropical and polar circles. The Arctic Circle is the southernmost latitude in the Northern Hemisphere at which the centre of the Sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for twenty-four hours; as a result, at least once each year at any location within the Arctic Circle the centre of the Sun is visible at local midnight, and at least ...