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The density of air or atmospheric density, denoted ρ, is the mass per unit volume of Earth's atmosphere.Air density, like air pressure, decreases with increasing altitude. It also changes with variations in atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidit
External ballistics. This schlieren image of a bullet travelling in free-flight demonstrates the air-pressure dynamics surrounding the bullet. External ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with the behavior of a projectile in flight. The projectile may be powered or un-powered, guided or unguided, spin or fin ...
The density altitude is the altitude relative to standard atmospheric conditions at which the air density would be equal to the indicated air density at the place of observation. In other words, the density altitude is the air density given as a height above mean sea level. The density altitude can also be considered to be the pressure altitude ...
Meaning, air density is the generally the same for flat-fire trajectories, thus sectional density is equal to the ballistic coefficient and air density can be dropped. Then as the velocity rises to Bashforth's k {\displaystyle k} for high velocity when C {\displaystyle C} requires the introduction of i {\displaystyle i} .
Atmospheric temperature is a measure of temperature at different levels of the Earth's atmosphere. It is governed by many factors, including incoming solar radiation, humidity, and altitude. The abbreviation MAAT is often used for Mean Annual Air Temperature of a geographical location.
Diagram showing displacement of the Sun 's image at sunrise and sunset. Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation in air density as a function of height. [1] This refraction is due to the velocity of light through air decreasing ...
Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity depends on the temperature and pressure of the system of interest. The same amount of water vapor results in higher relative humidity in cool air than warm air. A related parameter is the dew point.
Continuum mechanics. Archimedes' principle (also spelled Archimedes's principle) states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. [1] Archimedes' principle is a law of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics.