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This cooling, in turn, is expected to produce a relative increase in ozone (O 3) depletion in the polar area and in the frequency of ozone holes. [44] Conversely, ozone depletion represents a radiative forcing of the climate system [45] of about −0.15 ± 0.10 watts per square metre (W/m 2). [36]
Following the ozone depletion in 1997 and 2011, a 90% drop in ozone was measured by weather balloons over the Arctic in March 2020, as they normally recorded 3.5 parts per million of ozone, compared to only around 0.3 parts per million lastly, due to the coldest temperatures ever recorded since 1979, and a strong polar vortex which allowed ...
Ozone remains depleted in the midlatitudes of both hemispheres. The global-average total column ozone amount for the period 1997-2001 was approximately 3% below the pre-1980 average values. Models capture the observed long-term ozone changes in northern and southern midlatitudes.
Ozone in the troposhere is determined by photochemical production and destruction, dry deposition and cross-tropopause transport of ozone from the stratosphere. [2] In the Arctic troposphere, transport and photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as a result of human emissions also produce ozone resulting in a background mixing ratio of 30 to 50 ...
The largest Antarctic ozone hole recorded (September 1985) 2012 retrospective video by NASA on the Montreal Protocol. The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer [2] is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion ...
Ground-level ozone (O 3), also known as surface-level ozone and tropospheric ozone, is a trace gas in the troposphere (the lowest level of the Earth's atmosphere), with an average concentration of 20–30 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), with close to 100 ppbv in polluted areas.
U.S. Non-Attainment Areas for ozone pollution in June 2007. In United States environmental law, a non-attainment area is an area that exceeds pollution limits for one or more criteria pollutants: ozone (O 3), atmospheric particulate matter (PM 2.5 /PM 10), lead (Pb), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SO x), and nitrogen oxides (NO x). [1]
The first SAGE instrument was launched on 18 February 1979, to collect data on the various gases in the atmosphere, including ozone. The data collected on SAGE I and the following instrument SAGE II, which began taking measurements in October 1984, were critical to the discovery of the Earth's ozone hole and the creation of 1987 Montreal Protocol, which banned ozone-depleting substances, such ...