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A year of Axis gains from Case Blue had been wiped out. The Sixth Army of Germany had ceased to exist, and the forces of Germany's European allies, except Finland, had been shattered. [323] In a speech on 9 November 1944, Hitler himself blamed Stalingrad for Germany's impending doom. [324]
The aerial assault on Stalingrad was the most concentrated on the Ostfront according to Beevor, [1] and was the single most intense aerial bombardment on the Eastern Front at that point. [2] The destruction was monumental and complete, turning Stalingrad into a sea of fire and killing thousands of civilians and soldiers.
Operation Koltso (Operation Ring) was the last part of the Battle of Stalingrad. It resulted in the capitulation of the remaining Axis forces encircled in the city. The operation was likely the largest-scale economy-of-force offensive ever conducted in military history. [5]
As the Red Army pursued the 4th Panzer Army toward the Aksai River and broke through the German defense on the banks of the Chir River, it also began to prepare for Operation Ring—the reduction of the forces in Stalingrad. [94] German forces in Stalingrad soon began to run out of supplies, with horse meat used to supplement diets. [95]
The European theatre of World War II was one of the two main theatres of combat [nb 18] during World War II, taking place from September 1939 to May 1945.The Allied powers (including the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union and France) fought the Axis powers (including Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy) on both sides of the continent in the Western and Eastern fronts.
Eastern Front; Part of the European theatre of World War II: Clockwise from top left: Soviet T-34 tanks storming Poznań, 1945; German Tiger I tanks during the Battle of Kursk, 1943; German Stuka dive bombers on the Eastern Front, 1943; German Einsatzgruppen death squad murdering Jews in Ukraine, 1942; Wilhelm Keitel signing the German Instrument of Surrender, 1945; Soviet troops at the Battle ...
Historians have debated whether Stalin was planning an invasion of German territory in the summer of 1941. The debate began in the late 1980s when Viktor Suvorov published a journal article and later the book Icebreaker in which he claimed that Stalin had seen the outbreak of war in Western Europe as an opportunity to spread communist revolutions throughout the continent, and that the Soviet ...
The Axis order of battle at Stalingrad is a list of the significant land units that fought in the Battle of Stalingrad on the side of the Axis Powers between September 1942 and February 1943. Apart from the twenty divisions of the German Wehrmacht , eighteen Romanian divisions took part in the battle on the Axis side as well.