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Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by protozoal parasites of the Trypanosomatida genus Leishmania. [7] It is generally spread through the bite of phlebotomine sandflies, Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia, and occurs most frequently in the tropics and sub-tropics of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and southern Europe.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar (Hindi: kālā āzār, "black sickness") [2] or "black fever", is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and, without proper diagnosis and treatment, is associated with high fatality. [3] Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania.
It is estimated that visceral leishmaniasis (VL) affects more than 100 million people worldwide, [37] with 1.5 to 2 million new cases and more than 70,000 deaths each year. [38] As of the 2022 report, there were 50,000 to 90,000 infections worldwide in 2020, and the World Health Organization estimates that only between 25 and 45% of the cases ...
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Fever of unknown origin (FUO) refers to a condition in which the patient has an elevated temperature for which no cause can be found despite investigations by one or more qualified physicians. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] If the cause is found, it is usually a diagnosis of exclusion , eliminating all possibilities until only the correct explanation remains.
Dandy fever: Dengue fever [4] A reference to the mincing walk adopted by those affected. Dropsy: Edema [6] Dum-dum fever: Leishmaniasis [7] The term is derived from the city of Dum Dum, the site of an outbreak. English disease: Rickets [8] So named due to its prevalence in English slums. French disease: Syphilis [9] Used as an ethnic slur ...
Febrile seizure [4] Causes: Virus, bacteria, increase in the body's temperature set point [5] [6] Diagnostic method: Temperature higher than the normal range of 37.2 and 38.3 °C (99.0 and 100.9 °F) [1] [7] [8] Differential diagnosis: Hyperthermia [1] Treatment: Based on underlying cause, not required for fever itself [2] [9] Medication
A viral hemorrhagic fever is a possible cause of the Plague of Athens during the Peloponnesian War. [13] A viral hemorrhagic fever is an alternate theory of the cause of the Black Death and the Plague of Justinian [14] The initial, and currently only, outbreak of Lujo virus in September–October 2008 left four of five patients dead. [15]