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The Forest fire weather index (FWI) (French: indice forêt météo, IFM) is an estimation of the risk of wildfire computed by Météo France and the Meteorological Service of Canada. It was introduced in France in 1992 but is based on a Canadian empirical model developed and widely used since 1976.
Haines Index (also known as the Lower Atmosphere Severity Index) is a weather index developed by meteorologist Donald Haines in 1988 that measures the potential for dry, unstable air to contribute to the development of large or erratic wildland fires. [1]
The McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) was developed in the 1960s by CSIRO scientist A. G. McArthur to measure the degree of danger of fire in Australian forests. The index combines a record of dryness, based on rainfall and evaporation, with meteorological variables for wind speed, temperature and humidity.
For example, the Forest Fire Emergency Fund Act of 1908 permitted deficit spending in the case of emergency fire situations. [3] As a result, the U.S. Forest Service was able to acquire a deficit of over $1 million in 1910 due to emergency fire suppression efforts. [3]
Black Forest Fire: Colorado: North of Colorado Springs, the Black Forest fire was a large, fast-spreading fire due to dry conditions, high heat, and restless winds. Destroyed 509 homes and left 17 homes partially damaged. As of 13 June, it became the most destructive fire in Colorado state history. [54] 2013: 1,300 acres (530 ha) Yarnell Hill ...
A wildfire, forest fire, or a bushfire is an unplanned, uncontrolled and unpredictable fire in an area of combustible vegetation. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Depending on the type of vegetation present, a wildfire may be more specifically identified as a bushfire ( in Australia ), desert fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat fire, prairie fire, vegetation fire, or ...
The output section of the NFDRS structure chart is the components or simply the outputs that are based in fire behavior description but expressed in the broader context of fire danger rating. [ 6 ] Spread Component – Displays a value numerically equivalent to the predicted forward rate of spread of a head fire in feet per minute.
The Keetch–Byram drought index (known as KBDI), created by John Keetch and George Byram in 1968 for the United States Department of Agriculture's Forest Service, is a measure of drought conditions. It is commonly used for the purpose of predicting the likelihood and severity of wildfire .