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Thulium-170 has a binding energy of 8 105.5144(43) keV per nucleon and a half-life of 128.6 ± 0.3 d.It decays by β − decay to 170 Yb about 99.869% of the time, and by electron capture to 170 Er about 0.131% of the time. [1]
This is a list of radioactive nuclides (sometimes also called isotopes), ordered by half-life from shortest to longest, in seconds, minutes, hours, days and years. Current methods make it difficult to measure half-lives between approximately 10 −19 and 10 −10 seconds. [1]
Naturally occurring thulium (69 Tm) is composed of one stable isotope, 169 Tm (100% natural abundance).Thirty-nine radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 171 Tm with a half-life of 1.92 years, 170 Tm with a half-life of 128.6 days, 168 Tm with a half-life of 93.1 days, and 167 Tm with a half-life of 9.25 days.
Thulium-169 is thulium's only primordial isotope and is the only isotope of thulium that is thought to be stable; it is predicted to undergo alpha decay to holmium-165 with a very long half-life. [ 10 ] [ 22 ] The longest-lived radioisotopes are thulium-171, which has a half-life of 1.92 years, and thulium-170 , which has a half-life of 128.6 days.
In this situation it is generally uncommon to talk about half-life in the first place, but sometimes people will describe the decay in terms of its "first half-life", "second half-life", etc., where the first half-life is defined as the time required for decay from the initial value to 50%, the second half-life is from 50% to 25%, and so on.
Of the first 82 elements in the periodic table, 80 have isotopes considered to be stable. [1] The 83rd element, bismuth, was traditionally regarded as having the heaviest stable isotope, bismuth-209, but in 2003 researchers in Orsay, France, measured the half-life of 209 Bi to be 1.9 × 10 19 years.
Alternatively, since the radioactive decay contributes to the "physical (i.e. radioactive)" half-life, while the metabolic elimination processes determines the "biological" half-life of the radionuclide, the two act as parallel paths for elimination of the radioactivity, the effective half-life could also be represented by the formula: [1] [2]
Thulium, 69 Tm; Thulium ... 170 Yb: 171 Tm synth 1.92 y: ... half-life (t 1/2) mode