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The Arawak are a group of Indigenous peoples of northern South America and of the Caribbean.The term "Arawak" has been applied at various times to different Indigenous groups, from the Lokono of South America to the Taíno (Island Arawaks), who lived in the Greater Antilles and northern Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean.
The island of Trinidad in particular was shared by both Kalinago and Arawak groups. Current evidence suggests there were two major migrations to the Caribbean. The first migration was of pre-Arawakan people like the Ciguayo who most likely migrated from Central America.
The group that identified as the Arawak or Lokono settled the coastal and river valley areas of what is now Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Barbados and parts of the island of Trinidad. [8] [7] [10] [11] While the Spanish rapidly colonized the Caribbean islands, the Lokono and other mainland peoples resisted colonization for a much longer period.
[4] [5] Still these groups plus the high Taíno are considered Island Arawak, part of a widely diffused assimilating culture, a circumstance witnessed even today by names of places in the New World; for example localities or rivers called Guamá are found in Cuba, Venezuela and Brazil. Guamá was the name of famous Taíno who fought the Spanish ...
The Taínos are subdivided into Classic Taínos, who occupied Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, Western Taínos, who occupied Cuba, Jamaica, and the Bahamian archipelago, and the Eastern Taínos, who occupied the Leeward Islands. [1] Trinidad was inhabited by both Carib speaking and Arawak-speaking groups.
Jennifer Cassar – Trinidadian cultural activist, civil servant and former Carib Queen of the Santa Rosa First Peoples Community in Trinidad and Tobago. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] Anette Sanford – Dominican nurse, [ 69 ] first female Kalinago Chief in Dominica in 400 years, [ 70 ] and Senator in the Dominican House of Assembly.
By early 1907 major drilling operations began, roads and other infrastructure were built. Annual production of oil in Trinidad and Tobago reached 47,000 barrels (7,500 m 3) by 1910 and kept rapidly increasing year by year. [35] [36] Estimated oil production in Trinidad and Tobago in 2005 was about 150,000 bbl/d (24,000 m 3 /d). [37]
Trinidad and Tobago, [a] officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean.Comprising the main islands of Trinidad and Tobago, along with numerous smaller islands, it is located 11 kilometres (6 nautical miles) northeast off the coast of Venezuela, 130 kilometres (70 nautical miles) south of Grenada, and west of Barbados.