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The named reference $1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page). displays for both references. This can be very confusing, as the order of references in the list may not match the order used in the content. If {} is used and the |refs= parameter is missing or malformed. If a named reference is invoked within the reference list markup:
All references defined in the reference list must be invoked in prior content. Unused references must be removed or commented out, or stripped of their <ref>...</ref> tags and moved to another section, such as "Further reading".
Please reference this page and the page where you have the problem so we can understand your issues. For basic information on the footnotes system, see Referencing for beginners ; for advanced help, see Footnotes .
A circular reference is not to be confused with the logical fallacy of a circular argument.Although a circular reference will often be unhelpful and reveal no information, such as two entries in a book index referring to each other, it is not necessarily so that a circular reference is of no use.
Sometimes the reference list markup exists, but the message is shown because the <ref> tag immediately before the reference list markup does not have a closing </ref> or it is malformed, thus hiding the rest of the text in the article, including the reference list. If this is the case, find the last <ref> tag and ensure it is properly closed ...
A list-defined reference has a conflicting group attribute "$1" (see the help page). A list-defined reference named "$1" is not used in the content (see the help page). A list-defined reference has no name (see the help page). The named reference "$1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
The easiest way to start citing on Wikipedia is to see a basic example. The example here will show you how to cite a newspaper article using the {} template (see Citation quick reference for other types of citations). Copy and paste the following immediately after what you want to reference:
If absent, circular references are not allowed. iter (maximum number of iterations) delta (step test. If smaller, then finished.) C completion test at nearest preceding C record P sheet is protected L use A1 mode references Even if ;L is given R1C1 references are used in SYLK file expressions. M If present, use manual recalculation.