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Many types of sensors use capacitive sensing, including sensors to detect and measure proximity, pressure, position and displacement, force, humidity, fluid level, and acceleration. Human interface devices based on capacitive sensing, such as touchpads, [1] can replace the computer mouse.
2009 Nobel Prize in Physics laureates George E. Smith and Willard Boyle, 2009, photographed on a Nikon D80, which uses a CCD sensor. The basis for the CCD is the metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structure, [2] with MOS capacitors being the basic building blocks of a CCD, [1] [3] and a depleted MOS structure used as the photodetector in early CCD devices.
The capacitance, , equals /, where is permeability, is the area of the sensor and is the distance between parallel plates. If the material is linearly elastic (so follows Hooks Law ), then the displacement, due to an applied force F {\displaystyle F} , is x = F / k {\displaystyle x=F/k} , where k {\displaystyle k} is the spring constant .
Capacitive displacement sensors share many similarities to eddy current (or inductive) displacement sensors; however capacitive sensors use an electric field as opposed to the magnetic field used by eddy current sensors [10] [11] This leads to a variety of differences between the two sensing technologies, with the most notable differences being ...
Industrial pressure transmitters used for process control use pressure-sensing diaphragms, which form a capacitor plate of an oscillator circuit. Capacitors are used as the sensor in condenser microphones , where one plate is moved by air pressure, relative to the fixed position of the other plate.
Capacitance sensors are now widely used in irrigation scheduling in agriculture around the world. [citation needed] Cure monitoring of Composite materials: Dielectric or capacitance sensors are used to measure the electrical response of thermoset resins and matrices of composite materials at specified depth over the sensor surface. The key ...
A sensor is a transducer that receives and responds to a signal or stimulus from a physical system. [3] [4] [2] It produces a signal, which represents information about the system, which is used by some type of telemetry, information or control system. An actuator is a device that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system.
Variable capacitance is sometimes used to convert physical phenomena into electrical signals. In a capacitor microphone (commonly known as a condenser microphone ), the diaphragm acts as one plate of a capacitor, and vibrations produce changes in the distance between the diaphragm and a fixed plate, changing the voltage maintained across the ...