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Staff and line are names given to different types of functions in organizations. A line function is one that directly advances an organization in its core work. [1] This always includes production and sales, and sometimes marketing. [2] A staff function supports the organization with specialized advisory and support functions. [3]
Between the 1890s and the 1930s, line work was considered one of the most hazardous jobs. This led to the formation of labor organizations to represent the workers and advocate for their safety. This also led to the establishment of apprenticeship programs and the establishment of more stringent safety standards, starting in the late 1930s.
Line management refers to the management of employees who are directly involved in the production or delivery of products, goods and/or services.As the interface between an organisation and its front-line workforce, line management represents the lowest level of management within an organisational hierarchy (as distinct from top/executive/senior management and middle management).
An American poster from the 1940s. A supervisor, or lead, (also known as foreman, boss, overseer, facilitator, monitor, area coordinator, line-manager or sometimes gaffer) is the job title of a lower-level management position and role that is primarily based on authority over workers or a workplace. [1]
A job description or JD is a written narrative that describes the general tasks, or other related duties, and responsibilities of a position. It may specify the functionary to whom the position reports, specifications such as the qualifications or skills needed by the person in the job, information about the equipment, tools and work aids used, working conditions, physical demands, and a ...
Functional manager are always responsible for how their functions are carried out, and how their employees work to meet functional objectives. However, a line manager directly manages other employees and is responsible for administrative management of individuals. [8] If someone refers to their "boss" they mean the individual who is their line ...
Middle managers are responsible for large teams and are unable to control performance of every single individual. Thus, direct or line manager measures the team performance and reports to the middle manager. Set of duties – unlike line managers, who have a clear procedure of work and set of duties, middle managers have only target goals. The ...
The second mate's primary duty is navigational, which includes updating charts and publications, keeping them current, making passage plans, and all aspects of ship navigation. The second mate's other duties may include directing line handlers, cargo watches, directing anchor detail and training and instructing crew members.