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The Upanishad describes three types of Self : the Bahya-atma or external self (body), the Antar-atma or inner self (individual soul) and the Param-atma or highest self (the Brahman, Purusha). [ 2 ] [ 6 ] The text asserts that one must meditate, during Yoga , on the highest self as one's self that is partless, spotless, changeless, desireless ...
Jaina believe that this soul is what transmigrates from one being to another at the time of death. The moksa state is attained when a soul is liberated from the cycles of deaths and rebirths , is at the apex, is omniscient, remains there eternally, and is known as a siddha. [124]
[note 1] The term is often translated as soul, [note 2] but is better translated as "Self", [1] as it solely refers to pure consciousness or witness-consciousness, beyond identification with phenomena. In order to attain moksha (liberation), a human being must acquire self-knowledge (Atma Gyaan or Brahmajnana).
Purity is a mind pure and free of evil thoughts and behaviors. [5] Shaucha includes outer purity of body as well as inner purity of mind. [6] It is synonymous with shuddhi (शुद्धि). [7] LePage [clarification needed] states that shaucha in yoga is on many levels, and deepens as an understanding and evolution of self increases. [8]
Such a soul is called siddha and is revered in Jainism. In Jainism, moksha is the highest and the noblest objective that a soul should strive to achieve. In fact, it is the only objective that a person should have; other objectives are contrary to the true nature of soul. With the right view, knowledge and efforts all souls can attain this state.
I am indeed, That eternal knowing and bliss, the auspicious (Śivam), pure consciousness. I have neither merit (virtue), nor demerit (vice). I do not commit sins or good deeds, nor have happiness or sorrow, pain or pleasure. I do not need mantras, holy places, scriptures (Vedas), rituals or sacrifices (yajñas).
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Separating concepts in Hinduism from concepts specific to Indian culture, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Sanskrit concepts have an Indian secular meaning as well as a Hindu dharmic meaning. One example is the concept of Dharma. [4] Sanskrit, like all languages, contains words whose meanings differ across various contexts.