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The Disabled-1 (Dab1) gene encodes a key regulator of Reelin signaling. Reelin is a large glycoprotein secreted by neurons of the developing brain, particularly Cajal-Retzius cells . DAB1 functions downstream of Reln in a signaling pathway that controls cell positioning in the developing brain and during adult neurogenesis .
The spontaneous autosomal recessive scrambler mutation on chromosome 4 causes a deficiency of DAB1, encoding disabled-1, a protein involved in the signaling of the Reelin protein, lacking in the reeler mutant, [3] Dab1-scm homozygous mutants possess a reeler-like phenotype with respect to cell malpositioning in cerebellar cortex, hippocampus, and neocortex.
It was then demonstrated that the mouse disabled homologue 1 gene is responsible for the phenotypes of these mutant mice, as Dab1 protein was absent (yotari) or only barely detectable (scrambler) in these mutants. [26] Targeted disruption of Dab1 also caused a phenotype similar to that of reeler.
DAB2 mRNA is expressed in normal ovarian epithelial cells but is down-regulated or absent from ovarian carcinoma cell lines. The 770-amino acid predicted protein has an overall 83% identity with the mouse p96 protein, a putative mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein; homology is strongest in the amino-terminal end of the protein in a region corresponding to the phosphotyrosine interaction domain.
CR cells secrete the extracellular matrix protein reelin, which is critically involved in the control of radial neuronal migration through a signaling pathway, including the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), the apolipoprotein E receptor type 2 (ApoER2), and the cytoplasmic adapter protein disabled 1 (Dab1).
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