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Microangiopathy (also known as microvascular disease, small vessel disease (SVD) or microvascular dysfunction) is a disease of the microvessels, small blood vessels in the microcirculation. [1] It can be contrasted to macroangiopathies such as atherosclerosis , where large and medium-sized arteries (e.g., aorta , carotid and coronary arteries ...
Microvasculature remodeling refers to the alterations in a blood vessel network resulting from arteriogenesis and angiogenesis.Briefly, arteriogenesis is an increase in arterial diameter while angiogenesis is an increase in the number of capillaries either by sprouting from or splitting existing capillaries.
Reperfusion injury, sometimes called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to tissue (re-+ perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen (anoxia or hypoxia).
Ischemia results in tissue damage in a process known as ischemic cascade. The damage is the result of the build-up of metabolic waste products, inability to maintain cell membranes, mitochondrial damage, and eventual leakage of autolyzing proteolytic enzymes into the cell and surrounding tissues. [26]
[1] [2] Symptoms depend on the site of nerve damage and can include motor changes such as weakness; sensory symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or pain; or autonomic changes such as urinary symptoms. These changes are thought to result from a microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (vasa nervorum).
The underlying mechanism of no reflow phenomenon is centered around the damage caused by microvascular obstruction (MVO). There have been two proposed underlying causes of no reflow phenomenon: Structural no reflow phenomenon is present in the microvasculature of regions of necrotic myocardium.
Microvascular occlusion refers to conditions that can present with retiform purpura. [1] It has been suggested that phenylephrine may be a cause. [2] Signs and symptoms
Most vessels of the microcirculation are lined by flattened cells of the endothelium and many of them are surrounded by contractile cells called pericytes.The endothelium provides a smooth surface for the flow of blood and regulates the movement of water and dissolved materials in the interstitial plasma between the blood and the tissues.