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The ears are often cleaned before administering the medication, since pus and cellular debris lessen the activity of amikacin. [35] Amikacin is administered to the eye when prepared as an ophthalmic ointment or solution, or when injected subconjunctivally. [38] Amikacin in the eye can be accompanied by cephazolin. Despite its use there amikacin ...
Streptomycin was the first effective drug in the treatment of tuberculosis, though the role of aminoglycosides such as streptomycin and amikacin has been eclipsed (because of their toxicity and inconvenient route of administration) except for multiple-drug-resistant strains.
Postinfection treatment involves a combination of antituberculosis antibiotics, including rifampicin, rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, ethambutol, streptomycin, clarithromycin or azithromycin. [21] NTM infections are usually treated with a three-drug regimen of either clarithromycin or azithromycin, plus rifampicin and ethambutol. Treatment ...
Eye, ear or bladder infections; usually applied directly to the eye or inhaled into the lungs; rarely given by injection, although the use of intravenous colistin is experiencing a resurgence due to the emergence of multi drug resistant organisms. Kidney and nerve damage (when given by injection)
Biopharmaceuticals have to be given by injection or infusion. However, recent research found various ways to improve oral bioavailability of these drugs. In particular permeation enhancers, [27] ionic liquids, [28] lipid-based nanocarriers, [29] enzyme inhibitors and microneedles [30] have shown potential.
Rifampicin is antagonistic to the microbiologic effects of the antibiotics gentamicin and amikacin. The activity of rifampicin against some species of mycobacteria can be potentiated by isoniazid (through inhibiting mycolate synthesis) [ 47 ] and ambroxol (through host directed effects in autophagy and pharmacokinetics).
For active tuberculosis it is often given together with isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. [4] It is administered by injection into a vein or muscle. [3] Common side effects include vertigo, vomiting, numbness of the face, fever, and rash. [3] Use during pregnancy may result in permanent deafness in the developing baby. [3]
Medication administered via intramuscular injection is not subject to the first-pass metabolism effect which affects oral medications. Common sites for intramuscular injections include the deltoid muscle of the upper arm and the gluteal muscle of the buttock. In infants, the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh is commonly used. The injection ...