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A computed tomography urography (CT urography or CT urogram) is a computed tomography scan that examines the urinary tract after contrast dye is injected into a vein. [1]In a CT urogram, the contrast agent is through a cannula into a vein, allowed to be cleared by the kidneys and excreted through the urinary tract as part of the urine.
Gross appearance of a renal oncocytoma (left of image) and a slice of a normal kidney (right of image). Note the rounded contour, the mahogany colour and the central scar. In gross appearance, the tumors are tan or mahogany brown, well circumscribed and contain a central scar. They may achieve a large size (up to 12 cm in diameter).
An intravenous pyelogram is used to look for problems relating to the urinary tract. [5] These may include blockages or narrowing, such as due to kidney stones, cancer (such as renal cell carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma), enlarged prostate glands, and anatomical variations, [5] such as a medullary sponge kidney. [6]
Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a group of cancers that starts in the kidney. [4] Symptoms may include blood in the urine , a lump in the abdomen , or back pain . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Fever, weight loss, and tiredness may also occur.
The findings suggest IL1B macrophages could be a promising therapeutic target to treat kidney cancer, given this cell type has already been targeted using existing drugs that prevent lung cancer.
The recommended treatment for renal cell cancer may be nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy, surgical removal of all or part of the kidney. [4] This may include some of the surrounding organs or tissues or lymph nodes. If cancer is only in the kidneys, which is about 60% of cases, it can be cured roughly 90% of the time with surgery.
An Australian study of 10.9 million people reported that the increased incidence of cancer after CT scan exposure in this cohort was mostly due to irradiation. In this group, one in every 1,800 CT scans was followed by an excess cancer. If the lifetime risk of developing cancer is 40% then the absolute risk rises to 40.05% after a CT.
The Mayo Clinic Cancer Center is one of the oldest NCI-designated cancer centers in the United States, having first been designated in 1973. [3] The main location of the Mayo Clinic is in Rochester, MN. Campuses in Arizona and Florida opened later and became part of the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center in 2003. [4] [5]