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Nubian languages. Hill Nubian; Notes: Eastern Sudanic is a large division of Nilo-Saharan spoken throughout the upper Nile region. Kir–Abbaian and Astaboran are the two branches of Eastern Sudanic, roughly distributed in the north and south of the region, respectively. The Nubian languages are spoken mostly in northern Sudan and southern Egypt.
A Reference Grammar of Kunuz Nubian. PhD Thesis, SUNY, Buffalo, NY. Adams, W. Y. (1982). "The coming of Nubian speakers to the Nile Valley", in The Archeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History. Edited by C. Ehret & M. Posnansky. Berkeley / Los Angeles, 11–38. Armbruster, Charles Hubert (1960). Dongolese Nubian: A Grammar ...
The ruins of Old Dongola, after which the Danagla are named.. The term Danagla comes from the city of Old Dongola, which was the capital of the Makurian Kingdom during Christianity in Nubia, as well as the Muslim Kingdom of Dongola that came after it, which was also in control of the traditional lands of the tribe.
The earliest attestations of Nubian Greek literature come from the 5th century; the Nubian Greek language resembles Egyptian and Byzantine Greek; it served as a lingua franca throughout the Nubian Kingdoms, and had a creolized form for trade among the different peoples in Nubia.
The Hill Nubian languages are generally classified as being in the Central branch of the Nubian languages, one of three branches of the Nubian languages, the other two being Northern (), consisting of Nobiin, and Western (), consisting of Midob.
This language group is primarily in the major Niger–Congo language family. Several Nuba languages are in the Nilo-Saharan language family. [8] Over one hundred languages are spoken in the area and are considered Nuba languages, although many of the Nuba also speak Sudanese Arabic, the common language of Sudan.
Midob (also spelt Meidob) is a Nubian language spoken by the Midob people of North Darfur region of Sudan. As a Nubian language, it is part of the wider Nilo-Saharan language family. Apart from in their homeland of Malha, North Darfur, Midob speakers also live in the Khartoum area (primarily in Omdurman and the Gezira region) and Jezirat Aba. [2]
"Nobiin" is the genitive form of Nòòbíí ("Nubian") and literally means "(language) of the Nubians". Another term used is Noban tamen, meaning "the Nubian language". [2] At least 2500 years ago, the first Nubian speakers migrated into the Nile valley from the southwest. Old Nubian is thought to be ancestral to Nobiin.