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When the right side of the heart is more underdeveloped than the left side, this is known as hypoplastic right heart syndrome. HRHS is known for the pulmonary valve, the tricuspid valve, right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery all failing to form properly. HRHS also causes the right ventricle to be a fair amount smaller than the left side. [3]
Each posterior communicating artery is situated within the interpeduncular cistern, superolateral to the pituitary gland. [2]: 450 Each are is situated upon the medial surface of the ipsilateral cerebral peduncle [1]: 477 and adjacent to the anterior perforated substance.
Hypoplasia can affect the heart, typically resulting in the underdevelopment of the right ventricle or the left ventricle. This causes only one side of the heart to be capable of pumping blood to the body and lungs effectively. Hypoplasia of the heart is rare but is the most serious form of CHD.
The Fontan Kreutzer procedure is used in pediatric patients who possess only a single functional ventricle, either due to lack of a heart valve (e.g. tricuspid or mitral atresia), an abnormality of the pumping ability of the heart (e.g. hypoplastic left heart syndrome or hypoplastic right heart syndrome), or a complex congenital heart disease where a bi-ventricular repair is impossible or ...
A right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) may be due to a defect in the pulmonic valve, the supravalvar region, the infundibulum, or the pulmonary artery. [2] Pulmonary atresia; Pulmonary valve stenosis; Hypoplastic right heart syndrome; Tetralogy of Fallot
It is also part of the surgical treatment path for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and hypoplastic right heart syndrome. [1] [2] [3] This procedure has been largely replaced by Bidirectional Glenn procedure. [citation needed] It connects the superior vena cava to the right pulmonary artery. [4
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Hypoplasia is a congenital condition, while hyperplasia generally refers to excessive cell growth later in life. (Atrophy, the wasting away of already existing cells, is technically the direct opposite of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy.) Hypoplasia can be present in any tissue or organ.