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The previous point of view of worst case leads to an elevation angle of −1.87-degree and an attenuation of 170.77 dB. With this kind of attenuation, every system would be unusable! It was found also for this case that with the nominal elevation angle, the distance of the tangent point to ground is 5.84 km; that of the worst case is 2.69 km.
Introduction to RF Propagation, John S. Seybold, 2005, John Wiley and Sons. Radio Propagation in Cellular Networks, N. Blaunstein, 2000, Artech House; The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel, J. D. Parsons, 2000, Wiley; Mark A. Weissberger (1982). "An initial critical summary of models for predicting the attenuation of radio waves by trees".
In telecommunications, the free-space path loss (FSPL) (also known as free-space loss, FSL) is the attenuation of radio energy between the feedpoints of two antennas that results from the combination of the receiving antenna's capture area plus the obstacle-free, line-of-sight (LoS) path through free space (usually air). [1]
A link budget is an accounting of all of the power gains and losses that a communication signal experiences in a telecommunication system; from a transmitter, through a communication medium such as radio waves, cable, waveguide, or optical fiber, to the receiver.
It is possible to extrapolate the cumulative attenuation distribution at a given location by using the CCIR interpolation formula: [12] A p = A 001 0.12 p −(0.546 − 0.0043 log 10 p). where A p is the attenuation in dB exceeded for a p percentage of the time and A 001 is the attenuation exceeded for 0.01% of the time.
The Longley–Rice model (LR) is a radio propagation model: a method for predicting the attenuation of radio signals for a telecommunication link in the frequency range of 40 MHz to 100 GHz. [ 1 ] Longley-Rice is also known as the irregular terrain model (ITM).
100 Watt power attenuator. An attenuator is a passive broadband electronic device that reduces the power of a signal without appreciably distorting its waveform. An attenuator is effectively the opposite of an amplifier, though the two work by different methods. While an amplifier provides gain, an attenuator provides loss, or gain less than ...
From the figure the received line of sight component may be written as = {() /}and the ground reflected component may be written as = {() (+ ′) / + ′}where () is the transmitted signal, is the length of the direct line-of-sight (LOS) ray, + ′ is the length of the ground-reflected ray, is the combined antenna gain along the LOS path, is the combined antenna gain along the ground-reflected ...