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As articaine hydrochloride 4% with epinephrine 1:200,000 Septocaine with epinephrine 1:200,000; Articadent with epinephrine 1:200,000; Orabloc (articaine hydrochloride 4% and epinephrine 1:200,000) An epinephrine-free (adrenaline-free) version is available in Europe under the brand name Ultracain D.
The epinephrine causes vasoconstriction which in turn reduces systemic distribution of the anesthetic as well as prolongs its action in addition to decreasing bleeding at the operating site. Lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 adrenaline is the local anesthetic of choice in the treatment of pregnant women.
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
2-Aminoacetophenone, also known as β-ketophenethylamine, α-desmethylcathinone, or phenacylamine, is a substituted phenethylamine derivative. [1] [2] It is the phenethylamine homologue of cathinone (β-ketoamphetamine) and hence is a parent compound of a large number of stimulant and entactogen drugs.
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It triggers a series of responses after the body releases chemicals named noradrenaline and epinephrine. [1] These chemicals will act on adrenergic receptors , with subtypes Alpha-1 , Alpha-2 , Beta-1 , Beta-2 , Beta-3 , which ultimately allow the body to trigger a "fight-or-flight" response to handle external stress. [ 1 ]
Lidocaine, also known as lignocaine and sold under the brand name Xylocaine among others, is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type. [10] It is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.
Like methadone, Suboxone blocks both the effects of heroin withdrawal and an addict’s craving and, if used properly, does it without causing intoxication. Unlike methadone, it can be prescribed by a certified family physician and taken at home, meaning a recovering addict can lead a normal life, without a daily early-morning commute to a clinic.