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The Minkowski distance or Minkowski metric is a metric in a normed vector space which can be considered as a generalization of both the Euclidean distance and the Manhattan distance. It is named after the Polish mathematician Hermann Minkowski. Comparison of Chebyshev, Euclidean and taxicab distances for the hypotenuse of a 3-4-5 triangle on a ...
The term Minkowski diagram refers to a specific form of spacetime diagram frequently used in special relativity. A Minkowski diagram is a two-dimensional graphical depiction of a portion of Minkowski space , usually where space has been curtailed to a single dimension.
The Minkowski diagram is drawn in a spacetime plane where the spatial aspect has been restricted to a single dimension. The units of distance and time on such a plane are units of 30 centimetres length and nanoseconds, or; astronomical units and intervals of 8 minutes and 20 seconds, or; light years and years.
Hyperbolic motion can be visualized on a Minkowski diagram, where the motion of the accelerating particle is along the -axis.Each hyperbola is defined by = / and = / (with =, =) in equation ().
[1]: 62–63 A world line traces out the path of a single point in spacetime. A world sheet is the analogous two-dimensional surface traced out by a one-dimensional line (like a string) traveling through spacetime. The world sheet of an open string (with loose ends) is a strip; that of a closed string (a loop) resembles a tube.
Rindler chart, for = in equation (), plotted on a Minkowski diagram.The dashed lines are the Rindler horizons. The worldline of a body in hyperbolic motion having constant proper acceleration in the -direction as a function of proper time and rapidity can be given by [16]
Commonly a Minkowski diagram is used to illustrate this property of Lorentz transformations. Elsewhere, an integral part of light cones is the region of spacetime outside the light cone at a given event (a point in spacetime). Events that are elsewhere from each other are mutually unobservable, and cannot be causally connected.
In this case, for two events which are simultaneous according to the cosmological time coordinate, the value of the cosmological proper distance is not equal to the value of the proper length between these same events, [9] which would just be the distance along a straight line between the events in a Minkowski diagram (and a straight line is a ...