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Between 1910 and 1920, the number of Black workers employed in industry nearly doubled from 500,000 to 901,000. [44] After the Great Depression , more advances took place after workers in the steel and meatpacking industries organized into labor unions in the 1930s and 1940s, under the interracial Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).
Segregation occurs through premium pricing by white people of housing in white neighborhoods and exclusion of low-income housing [146] rather than through rules which enforce segregation. Black segregation is most pronounced; Hispanic segregation less so, and Asian segregation the least. [147] [148]
By 1910, only 730 black people were registered, less than 0.5% of eligible black men. ... In Texas, several towns adopted residential segregation laws between 1910 ...
Section 38 of the 1910 Immigration Act permitted the government to prohibit the entry of immigrants "belonging to any race deemed unsuited to the climate or requirements of Canada, or of immigrants of any specified class, occupation or character." [51] Racial segregation practices extended to many areas of employment in Canada.
The effect of these changes on the population of black voters in Louisiana was devastating; by 1900 black voters were reduced from 130,334 to 5,320 on the rolls. By 1910, only 730 blacks were registered, less than 0.5% of eligible black men.
The nadir of American race relations was the period in African-American history and the history of the United States from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 through the early 20th century, when racism in the country, and particularly anti-black racism, was more open and pronounced than it had ever been during any other period in the nation's history.
Many large and mid-sized cities in the South and mid-South adopted racial zonings between 1910 and 1915. In Buchanan v. Warley (1917) the Supreme Court ruled that racial zoning was illegal but many local governments continued to enforce racial segregation with alternative land use designations. [17]
While segregation had been present in the army prior to Wilson, its severity increased significantly following his election. During Wilson's first term, the army and navy refused to commission new black officers. [74] Black officers already serving experienced increased discrimination and were often forced out or discharged on dubious grounds. [75]