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Progress on the Human Cell Atlas is reported, with a collection of 40 new scientific papers in Nature describing the project's latest discoveries. [ 476 ] [ 477 ] 21 November – The first close-up image of a star outside the Milky Way is reported, using the European Southern Observatory 's Very Large Telescope Interferometer .
The historical application of biotechnology throughout time is provided below in chronological order.. These discoveries, inventions and modifications are evidence of the application of biotechnology since before the common era and describe notable events in the research, development and regulation of biotechnology.
DeepMind used artificial intelligence for the first time to predict protein folding. [1]Singapore became the first jurisdiction to approve the sale of cultured meat. [2]The vaccines produced by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna against Coronavirus disease 2019 became the first vaccines developed using messenger RNA [3] and mark the fastest vaccine development and approval, taking only 10 months.
Progress in healthy/sustainable food system research: a review outlines benefits (such as high protein production per acre), recent advancements and challenges of developing algae as a large-scale food source, [74] [75] a study identifies "11 key measures" that can reduce nitrogen chemicals pollution of air and water from croplands (4 Jan), [76 ...
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c. 520 BC – Alcmaeon of Croton distinguished veins from arteries and discovered the optic nerve. c. 450 BC – Sushruta wrote the Sushruta Samhita, redacted versions of which, by the third century AD, describe over 120 surgical instruments and 300 surgical procedures, classify human surgery into eight categories, and introduce cosmetic surgery.
As currently written, it would prohibit federal agencies from contracting with China's BGI, MGI, Complete Genomics, WuXi AppTec, their affiliates and other biotechnology companies deemed of concern.
The timeline begins at the Bronze Age, as it is difficult to give even estimates for the timing of events prior to this, such as of the discovery of counting, natural numbers and arithmetic. To avoid overlap with timeline of historic inventions , the timeline does not list examples of documentation for manufactured substances and devices unless ...