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Mast cell tumor on lip of a dog. Veterinary oncology is a subspecialty of veterinary medicine that deals with cancer diagnosis and treatment in animals. Cancer is a major cause of death in pet animals. In one study, 45% of the dogs that reached 10 years of age or older died of cancer. [1]
Dogs can develop a variety of cancers and most are very similar to those found in humans. Dogs can develop carcinomas of epithelial cells and organs, sarcomas of connective tissues and bones, and lymphomas or leukemias of the circulatory system. Selective breeding of dogs has led certain pure-bred breeds to be at high-risk for specific kinds of ...
Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising, bone pain, fatigue, fever, and an increased risk of infections. [2] These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells. [2] Diagnosis is typically made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy. [2] The exact cause of leukemia is unknown. [5]
The average survival times of dogs treated with prednisone and untreated dogs are both one to two months. [1] Using prednisone alone can cause the cancer to become resistant to other chemotherapy agents, so it should only be used if more aggressive treatment is not an option. Isotretinoin can be used to treat cutaneous lymphoma. [8]
[3] [4] Cancer can be difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, meaning they may be general phenomena that do not point directly to a specific disease process. [5] In medicine, a sign is an objective piece of data that can be measured or observed, as in a high body temperature (fever), a rash, or a bruise. [6]
Subleukemic leukemia, also known as leukemia subleukemic and aleukemic leukemia cutis, is a rare, cancerous blood disease characterized by the presence of abnormal or atypical white blood cells in the peripheral blood while the total white blood cell count is within the normal range. It can also be characterized by leukemic cells in the skin ...
Most bruises occur close enough to the epidermis such that the bleeding causes a visible discoloration. The bruise then remains visible until the blood is either absorbed by tissues or cleared by immune system action. Bruises which do not blanch under pressure can involve capillaries at the level of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or bone ...
Hip dysplasia is a defect in the shape of the hip joint which can, depending on the degree of hip luxation, be quite painful to the dog as it ages. Over time it often causes arthritis in the hips. Dysplasia can also occur in the elbow joint. Luxating patellas can be a problem for smaller breeds. It can cause lameness and pain in the hind legs.