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Test validity is the extent to which a test (such as a chemical, physical, or scholastic test) accurately measures what it is supposed to measure.In the fields of psychological testing and educational testing, "validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores entailed by proposed uses of tests". [1]
The validity of a measurement tool (for example, a test in education) is the degree to which the tool measures what it claims to measure. [3] Validity is based on the strength of a collection of different types of evidence (e.g. face validity, construct validity, etc.) described in greater detail below.
The validity scales measure the respondent's overall approach to the test, including faking good or bad, exaggeration, defensiveness, carelessness, or random responding. Inconsistency (ICN) is the degree to which respondents answer similar questions in different ways.
System suitability – A test run each time an analysis is performed to ensure the test method is acceptable and is performing as written. This type of check is often run in a QC Lab. Usually, system suitability is performed by analyzing a standard material (House standard or reference standard) before the unknowns are run in an analytical method.
In psychometrics, criterion validity, or criterion-related validity, is the extent to which an operationalization of a construct, such as a test, relates to, or predicts, a theoretically related behaviour or outcome — the criterion.
A validity scale, in psychological testing, is a scale used in an attempt to measure reliability of responses, for example with the goal of detecting defensiveness, malingering, or careless or random responding.
Construct validity is the appropriateness of inferences made on the basis of observations or measurements (often test scores), specifically whether a test can reasonably be considered to reflect the intended construct.
Validity has two distinct fields of application in psychology. The first is test validity (or Construct validity ), the degree to which a test measures what it was designed to measure. The second is experimental validity (or External validity ), the degree to which a study supports the intended conclusion drawn from the results.