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The minimum length is 8 bytes, the length of the header. The field size sets a theoretical limit of 65,535 bytes (8-byte header + 65,527 bytes of data) for a UDP datagram. However, the actual limit for the data length, which is imposed by the underlying IPv4 protocol, is 65,507 bytes (65,535 bytes − 8-byte UDP header − 20-byte IP header). [8]
The header is at least 8 octets in size; ... Since both TCP and UDP include fields limited to 16 bits (length, urgent data pointer), ...
This is a list of the IP protocol numbers found in the field Protocol of the IPv4 header and the Next Header field of the IPv6 header. It is an identifier for the encapsulated protocol and determines the layout of the data that immediately follows the header. Both fields are eight bits wide.
A typical ROHC implementation will aim to get the terminal into Second-Order state, where a 1-byte ROHC header can be substituted for the 40-byte IPv4/UDP/RTP or the 60-byte IPv6/UDP/RTP (i.e. VoIP) header. In this state, the 8-bit ROHC header contains three fields: a 1-bit packet-type flag (set to '1' only for longer ROHC headers)
The entire L2TP packet, including payload and L2TP header, is sent within a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) datagram. A virtue of transmission over UDP (rather than TCP) is that it avoids the TCP meltdown problem. [3] [4] It is common to carry PPP sessions within an L2TP tunnel. L2TP does not provide confidentiality or strong authentication by itself.
Protocol data units of the OSI model are: [1]. The Layer 4: transport layer PDU is the segment or the datagram. The Layer 3: network layer PDU is the packet. The Layer 2: data link layer PDU is the frame.
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Historically, transport layer protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), include data size parameters limited to only 16 bits (length, urgent data pointer). The support for IPv6 jumbograms required a redesign in all Transport Layer protocols.