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Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a term used to refer to several kidney diseases (usually affecting both kidneys). Many of the diseases are characterised by inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidneys, hence the name, [ 1 ] but not all diseases necessarily have an inflammatory component.
Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis is a disorder of the small blood vessels of the kidney.It is a common complication of bacterial infections, typically skin infection by Streptococcus bacteria types 12, 4 and 1 but also after streptococcal pharyngitis, for which it is also known as postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN) or poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). [4]
Out of the 1,374,392 female deaths reported in the US in 2017, kidney disease was listed as the cause of death for 24,889 women and was reported as the 9th overall cause of death for women in 2017. [45] Out of the 1,439,111 male deaths reported in the US in 2017, kidney disease was not listed in the top 10 causes of death. [45]
The cause of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) depends on the severity of the disease. DPGN is a secondary disease, in that a disease that a patient already has causes DPGN to occur. The most common associated disease of DPGN is severe systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). [4] Specifically, Lupus nephritis class IV. [5]
Nephritis represents the ninth-most-common cause of death among all women in the US (and the fifth leading cause among non-Hispanic black women). [ 19 ] Worldwide, the highest rates [ clarification needed ] of nephritis are 50–55% for African or Asian descent followed by Hispanic at 43% and Caucasian at 17%.
It usually presents in a person from their 40s or 50s. Of the glomerulonephritis cases, approximately 60% to 80% are primary, while the remainder are secondary. [62] There are also differences in epidemiology between the sexes, the disease is more common in men than in women by a ratio of 2 to 1. [62]
Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis of Lupus nephritis, Class II is also noted by mesangial hypercellularity and matrix expansion. Microscopic haematuria with or without proteinuria may be seen in Class II Lupus nephritis. Hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, and acute kidney injury are very rare at this stage. [6]
580.9 Glomerulonephritis, acute, unspec. 581 Nephrotic syndrome. 581.9 Nephrotic syndrome, unspec. 582 Chronic glomerulonephritis. 582.9 Glomerulonephritis, chronic, unspec. 583 Nephritis and nephropathy, not specified as acute or chronic; 584 Acute renal failure. 584.5 Renal failure, acute w/ tubular necrosis; 584.9 Renal failure, acute ...
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