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Free PDF-formatted complete report; Thiel, Rainer (2010). "U.S. democracy assistance in the Polish liberalization process 1980-1989 (Chapter 6)". Nested games of external democracy promotion: The United States and the Polish liberalization 1980-1989. VS Verlag. pp. 179– 235, especially 204 and 231. ISBN 978-3-531-17769-4.
Although American democracy promotion efforts in the MENA region take a more balanced top-down/bottom-up strategy than those of the European Union and engage in more politically sensitive areas such as state institution building, [77] some question the assumption that pushing for liberalizing reforms is a worthwhile endeavor given that regimes ...
Emerging as a response to fluctuations in student markets and increasing pressure on recruitment strategies in higher education, SEM focuses on achieving student success throughout their entire life cycle with an institution while increasing enrollment numbers and stabilizing institutional revenues. [2] SEM strategies accomplish the fulfillment ...
In the higher education setting, the process of health promotion is applied within a post-secondary academic environments to increase health and wellbeing. [1] The process needs professionals to engage in all five WHO Ottawa Charter Health Promotion Actions and particularly reorient all the sectors of a college campus towards evidence-based prevention, utilizing a public health/population ...
Created by Thomas Lawrence and Roy Suddaby (2006, pp. 217), the concept of institutional work refers to “the broad category of purposive action aimed at creating, maintaining, and disrupting institutions and businesses .” [1] The focus of institutional work shifts away from more traditional institutional scholarship that offers strong accounts of the processes through which institutions ...
The United States generally refuses to incorporate such clauses into the free trade agreements it negotiates. The concept of cultural diversity allows for a more positive perspective and a more positive approach to free trade. It allows for a balance to be struck between the economic benefits of opening up economies and taking into account the ...
Critical junctures – which can be small events and accidents – may lead to institutional change or set institutions on paths from which it is hard to turn back from. This is in contrast to Rational Choice Institutionalism where the creation of institutions, as well as institutional change, reflects optimal and efficient outcomes for actors.
An example is a struggling regional university hiring a star faculty member in order to be perceived as more similar to organizations that are revered (e.g., an Ivy League institution). Mimetic isomorphism is in contrast to coercive isomorphism, where organizations are forced to change by external forces, or normative isomorphism, where ...