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Elemental sulfur (90–99% S) has been used at application rates of 300–500 kg/ha (270–450 lb/acre) – it slowly oxidises in the soil to form sulfuric acid. Acidifying fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea, can help to reduce the pH of soil because ammonium oxidises to form nitric acid.
Calcium carbonate precipitates as a solid, leaving ammonium sulfate in the solution. (NH 4) 2 CO 3 + CaSO 4 → (NH 4) 2 SO 4 + CaCO 3. Ammonium sulfate occurs naturally as the rare mineral mascagnite in volcanic fumaroles and due to coal fires on some dumps. [14] Ammonium sulfate is a byproduct in the production of methyl methacrylate. [15]
Soil acidification is a common issue in long-term crop production which can be reduced by lime, organic amendments (e.g., straw and manure) and biochar application. [ 37 ] [ 25 ] [ 38 ] [ 39 ] [ 40 ] In sugarcane, soybean and corn crops grown in acidic soils, lime application resulted in nutrient restoration, increase in soil pH, increase in ...
A salt index measures the relative change in osmotic pressure in water after a given salt has been added compared to sodium nitrate, which is assigned a value of 100. Salt indexes can have some relation to the rate of fertilizer burn in plants, with fertilizers of a salt index above 20 not being recommended for use with particularly sensitive ...
Organic fertilizer nutrient content, solubility, and nutrient release rates are typically much lower than mineral (inorganic) fertilizers. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] A University of North Carolina study found that potential mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) in the soil was 182–285% higher in organic mulched systems than in the synthetics control.
The main nitrogen-based straight fertilizer is ammonia (NH 3) ammonium (NH 4 +) or its solutions, including: Ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3) with 34-35% nitrogen is also widely used. Urea (CO(NH 2) 2), with 45-46% nitrogen, another popular source of nitrogen, having the advantage that it is solid and non-explosive, unlike ammonia and ammonium nitrate.
Ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3) Ammonium sulfate [(NH 4) 2 SO 4] Potassium acetate (CH 3 COOK) Urea [(NH 2) 2 CO] Propylene glycol (C 3 H 8 O 2) Calcium magnesium acetate (C 4 H 6 O 2 Ca and C 4 H 6 O 2 Mg) Sodium ferrocyanide (hydrous, Na 4 Fe(CN) 6 •10H 2 O) Methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside (C 7 H 14 O 6) [21] [22]
ABC dry chemical is usually a mix of monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate, the former being the active component. The mix between the two agents is usually 40–60%, 60–40%, or 90–10% depending on local standards worldwide. The USGS uses a similar mixture, called Phos Chek G75F. [2]