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Muhi al-Din Muhammad (3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known by the title Aurangzeb, [g] and also by his regnal name Alamgir I, [h] [i] was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707.
The Execution of Sambhaji was a significant event in 17th-century Deccan India, where the second Maratha King was put to death by order of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.The conflicts between the Mughals and the Deccan Sultanates, which resulted in the downfall of the Sultanates, paved the way for tensions between the Marathas and the Mughals.
Aurangzeb left a will advising his sons to divide the empire among themselves. At the time of his death his eldest son Bahadur Shah I inhabited Jamrud, 12-miles west of Peshawar. His second son Muhammad Azam Shah lived in Ahmednagar. Khafi Khan suggested that whoever reached the capital city of Agra first would capture the throne. [4]
The Deccan wars also known as Maratha war of independence, [3] [4] were a series of military conflicts between the Mughal Empire and the descendants of the Maratha ruler Shivaji from the time of Shivaji's death in 1680 until the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707. [5]
Maratha accounts instead state that he was ordered to bow before Aurangzeb and convert to Islam and it was his refusal to do so, by saying that he would accept Islam en the day Aurangzeb presented him his daughter's hand, that led to his death. [34] By doing so, he earned the title of "Dharmaveer" ("protector of dharma"). [35]
An estimated of 2.5 million of Aurangzeb's army were killed during the Mughal–Maratha Wars (100,000 annually during a quarter-century), while 2 million civilians in war-torn lands died due to drought, plague and famine. [120] [119] In the century-and-a-half that followed the death of Aurangzeb, effective Muslim control started weakening ...
The Tomb of Aurangzeb [2] is located in Khuldabad, Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, India. In notable contrast to other Mughal tombs, which are large monuments of Mughal architecture , including the Taj Mahal , at his own direction Aurangzeb is buried in an unmarked grave [ 3 ] at the complex of the dargah or shrine of Sheikh Zainuddin .
While a peace treaty was signed with Mewar after a year, war with Marwar went on until the death of Aurangzeb and concluded when the Rathore forces were finally able to capture Marwar following Aurangzeb's death which led to a succession war and the eventual decline of the Mughal Empire. [10]