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A classroom in Norway. Learning theory describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning.Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.
Learning styles refer to a range of theories that aim to account for differences in individuals' learning. [1] Although there is ample evidence that individuals express personal preferences on how they prefer to receive information, [2]: 108 few studies have found validity in using learning styles in education.
It is a notion that students must master the lower level skills before they can engage in higher-order thinking. However, the United States National Research Council objected to this line of reasoning, saying that cognitive research challenges that assumption, and that higher-order thinking is important even in elementary school.
Social learning theory is a theory of social behavior that proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others. It states that learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. [1]
Jean William Fritz Piaget (UK: / p i ˈ æ ʒ eɪ /, [1] [2] US: / ˌ p iː ə ˈ ʒ eɪ, p j ɑː ˈ ʒ eɪ /; [3] [4] [5] French: [ʒɑ̃ pjaʒɛ]; 9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development.
The Knirk & Gustafson Instructional Design Model is an instructional model that was developed by Frederick G. Knirk and Kent L. Gustafson in 1986. Their model has three stages:
Robert Mills Gagné (August 21, 1916 – April 28, 2002) was an American educational psychologist best known for his Conditions of Learning.He instructed during World War II when he worked with the Army Air Corps training pilots.
Competency-based learning or competency-based education is a framework for teaching and assessment of learning. It is also described as a type of education based on predetermined "competencies," which focuses on outcomes and real-world performance. [1]