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Special views focusing on the orbit of the eye may be taken to investigate concerns relating to the eye. [8] CT scans are used by physicians specializing in treating the eye (ophthalmologists) to detect foreign bodies (especially metallic objects), fractures, abscesses, cellulitis, sinusitis, bleeding within the skull (intracranial bleeding), proptosis, Graves disease changes in the eye, and ...
Reid's base line is used as the zero plane in computed tomography. Paediatric base line is an anatomic line that maintains a fixed relation to facial bones throughout the period of growth. In 1962, the World Federation of Radiology defined it as the line between the infraorbital margin and the upper margin of the external auditory meatus.
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (structural MRI) of a head, from top to base of the skull. The first chapter of the history of neuroimaging traces back to the Italian neuroscientist Angelo Mosso who invented the 'human circulation balance', which could non-invasively measure the redistribution of blood during emotional and intellectual activity.
This makes CT scan the most appropriate term, which is used by radiologists in common vernacular as well as in textbooks and scientific papers. [218] [219] [220] In Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), computed axial tomography was used from 1977 to 1979, but the current indexing explicitly includes X-ray in the title. [221]
The head rests on the top part of the vertebral column, with the skull joining at C1 (the first cervical vertebra known as the atlas). The skeletal section of the head and neck forms the top part of the axial skeleton and is made up of the skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, and cervical spine. The skull can be further subdivided into:
CT scans of patients with a tension pneumocephalus typically show air that compresses the frontal lobes of the brain, which results in a tented appearance of the brain in the skull known as the Mount Fuji sign. [1] [2] [3] The name is derived from the resemblance of the brain to Mount Fuji in Japan, a volcano known for its symmetrical cone.
The anterior clinoid process projects over the internal carotid artery, which supplies the majority of blood to the brain. Because of the "spear-like" shape of the ACP and the large size of this artery, it is possible (though rare) that as a complication of major head trauma, the ACP may puncture the vessel and cause intracranial hemorrhage. [4]
Directed medially, forward, and a little upward, it presents a base, an apex, three surfaces, and three angles, and houses in its interior the components of the inner ear. The petrous portion is among the most basal elements of the skull and forms part of the endocranium. Petrous comes from the Latin word petrosus, meaning "stone-like, hard ...