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Fossil of Acrocidaris, an extinct sea urchin Echinoid fossils are the fossilised remains of sea urchins , spiny marine invertebrates that live on the seabed. Humans have been interested in these fossils for millennia, have considered them lucky, have imbued them with magical powers and linked them to their deities .
The name urchin is an old word for hedgehog, which sea urchins resemble; they have archaically been called sea hedgehogs. [6] [7] The name is derived from the Old French herichun, from Latin ericius ('hedgehog'). [8] Like other echinoderms, sea urchin early larvae have bilateral symmetry, [9] but they develop five-fold symmetry as they mature ...
Sea urchin tests showing the ball parts of the ball and socket joints that articulate with the spines Iconaster longimanus, the icon seastar, showing plate ossicles Ossicles have a variety of forms including flat plates, spines, rods and crosses, and specialised compound structures including pedicellariae and paxillae .
Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; ... The subclass Euechinoidea includes almost all living species of sea urchin, with fossil forms going back as far ...
The Echinothurioida are an order of sea urchins in the class Echinoidea. Echinothurioids are distinguished from other sea urchins by the combination of a flexible test and hollow spines. The membrane around the mouth contains only simple plates, in contrast to the more complex mouth parts of their close relatives, the Diadematoida. They are ...
Close-up of Asthenosoma varium, showing distinctive spines. Asthenosoma varium is a large sea urchin, hemispherical in shape, and growing to a diameter of 25 cm (10 in). ). The plates from which the test is formed are not joined rigidly together, as is the case in most sea urchin
The first mention of a belemnite representing a fossil was made in 1546 by German mineralogist Georgius Agricola, and subsequent authors gave several hypotheses to its nature in life, including them being shellfish, sea urchin spines, sea cucumbers, coral polyps, or some internal shell. [34]
These tubercles hold massive spines, thick, strong and often very long, and showing sometimes odd shapes (thorny spines, fans, clubs, Christmas trees [1]...). [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The order Cidaroida is the basalmost of current sea urchins, and most of the species included in this family are abyssal, even if a handful of species remain quite common in ...