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The momentum transfer plays an important role in the evaluation of neutron, X-ray, and electron diffraction for the investigation of condensed matter. Laue-Bragg diffraction occurs on the atomic crystal lattice, conserves the wave energy and thus is called elastic scattering, where the wave numbers final and incident particles, and , respectively, are equal and just the direction changes by a ...
The various aspects of such equilibrium are directly connected to a specific transport: heat transfer is the system's attempt to achieve thermal equilibrium with its environment, just as mass and momentum transport move the system towards chemical and mechanical equilibrium.
Defining equation (physical chemistry) List of electromagnetism equations; List of equations in classical mechanics; List of equations in gravitation; List of equations in nuclear and particle physics; List of equations in quantum mechanics; List of photonics equations; List of relativistic equations; Table of thermodynamic equations
A continuity equation or transport equation is an equation that describes the transport of some quantity. It is particularly simple and powerful when applied to a conserved quantity , but it can be generalized to apply to any extensive quantity .
The basic mechanisms and mathematics of heat, mass, and momentum transport are essentially the same. Among many analogies (like Reynolds analogy, Prandtl–Taylor analogy) developed to directly relate heat transfer coefficients, mass transfer coefficients and friction factors, Chilton and Colburn J-factor analogy proved to be the most accurate.
turbulence; heat, mass, and momentum transfer (dimensionless transfer coefficients) Darcy friction factor: C f or f D: fluid mechanics (fraction of pressure losses due to friction in a pipe; four times the Fanning friction factor) Dean number: D = /
The equation arises not by analyzing the individual positions and momenta of each particle in the fluid but rather by considering a probability distribution for the position and momentum of a typical particle—that is, the probability that the particle occupies a given very small region of space (mathematically the volume element) centered at ...
In physics, and especially scattering theory, the momentum-transfer cross section (sometimes known as the momentum-transport cross section [1]) is an effective scattering cross section useful for describing the average momentum transferred from a particle when it collides with a target. Essentially, it contains all the information about a ...