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The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 enacted a Medicare fee schedule, and as of 2010 about 7,000 distinct physician services were listed. [2] The services are classified under a nomenclature based on the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) to which the American Medical Association holds intellectual property rights. [2]
The RBRVS for each CPT code is determined using three separate factors: physician work, practice expense, and malpractice expense. The average relative weights of these are: physician work (52%), practice expense (44%), malpractice expense (4%). [2] A method to determine the physician work value was the primary contribution made by the Hsiao study.
The Specialty Society Relative Value Scale Update Committee or Relative Value Update Committee (RUC, pronounced "ruck") [1] is a volunteer group of 31 physicians who have made highly influential recommendations on how to value a physician's work when computing health care prices in the United States' public health insurance program Medicare.
NPI data is downloadable from CMS. The downloadable database was updated monthly until December 2012, and has been issued weekly since. A data structure file is available separately from CMS. [6] As of June 2024, the file download size is 947.84 MB, and the raw database file (npidata_pfile_20050523-20240512.csv) is 9.3 GB when extracted. [7]
CMS sets fee schedules for medical services through Prospective Payment Systems (PPS) for inpatient care, outpatient care, and other services. [34] As the largest single purchaser of medical services in the U.S., Medicare's fixed pricing schedules have a significant impact on the market.
In 2015 CMS identified 254 quality measures for which providers may choose to submit data. The measures map to U.S. National Quality Standard (NQS) health care quality domains: [4]
HCFA was renamed the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services on July 1, 2001. [9] [11] In 2013, a report by the inspector general found that CMS had paid $23 million in benefits to deceased beneficiaries in 2011. [12] In April 2014, CMS released raw claims data from 2012 that gave a look into what types of doctors billed Medicare the most. [13]
Medical billing, a payment process in the United States healthcare system, is the process of reviewing a patient's medical records and using information about their diagnoses and procedures to determine which services are billable and to whom they are billed.