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Strategic management tools. In the field of management, strategic management involves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by an organization's managers on behalf of stakeholders, based on consideration of resources and an assessment of the internal and external environments in which the organization operates.
The output of strategic planning includes documentation and communication describing the organization's strategy and how it should be implemented, sometimes referred to as the strategic plan. [ citation needed ] The strategy may include a diagnosis of the competitive situation, a guiding policy for achieving the organization's goals, and ...
Objectives and key results (OKR, alternatively OKRs) is a goal-setting framework used by individuals, teams, and organizations to define measurable goals and track their outcomes. The development of OKR is generally attributed to Andrew Grove who introduced the approach to Intel in the 1970s [ 1 ] and documented the framework in his 1983 book ...
Strategy is important because the resources available to achieve goals are usually limited. Strategy generally involves setting goals and priorities, determining actions to achieve the goals, and mobilizing resources to execute the actions. [4] A strategy describes how the ends (goals) will be achieved by the means (resources). [5]
The satisfaction of goals should be reviewed on a monthly basis, with a larger annual review at the end of the year. [3] Performance measurement is also a key part of the process. [5] Hoshin Kanri is a top-down approach, with the goals being mandated by management and the implementation being performed by employees.
This framework enables the individual setting the goal to have a precise understanding of the expected outcomes, while the evaluator has concrete criteria for assessment. The SMART acronym is linked to Peter Drucker's management by objectives (MBO) concept, illustrating its foundational role in strategic planning and performance management. [4]
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Operational planning (OP) is the process of implementing strategic plans and objectives to reach specific goals. [1] An operational plan describes the specific steps in any given strategic planning model and explains how and what portion of resources will be put into operation during a given operational period: in the case of commercial-or government budget balance, a fiscal year.