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Delta-sigma (ΔΣ; or sigma-delta, ΣΔ) modulation is an oversampling method for encoding signals into low bit depth digital signals at a very high sample-frequency as part of the process of delta-sigma analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs).
A 1-bit DAC (sometimes called Bitstream converter by Philips) is a consumer electronics marketing term describing an oversampling digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that uses a digital noise shaping delta-sigma modulator operating at many multiples of the sampling frequency that outputs to an actual 1-bit DAC (which could be fully differential to minimize crosstalk). [1]
To achieve high signal-to-noise ratio, delta modulation must use oversampling techniques, that is, the analog signal is sampled at a rate several times higher than the Nyquist rate. Derived forms of delta modulation are continuously variable slope delta modulation, delta-sigma modulation, and differential modulation.
English: This is a block diagram of a simplified Delta Sigma ADC and is my own work drawn using "Inkscape" a free svg editor. It was drawn to illustrate a description of the functioning of the so-called Delta Sigma ADC which appears in the overall article on Delta Sigma modulation.
English: Simple circuit performing delta-sigma modulation on an input 20 kHz sine wave s(t). An ideal op amp integrator using s(t) and p(t) produces ε(t), which can be quantized and sampled by an ideal D flip flop to produce a pulse density modulation result p(t), which used as negative feedback.
Oversampling DACs or interpolating DACs such as those employing delta-sigma modulation, use a pulse density conversion technique with oversampling. Audio delta-sigma DACs are sold with 384 kHz sampling rate and quoted 24-bit resolution, though quality is lower due to inherent noise (see § Figures of merit).
DAC use delay element with +. Move delta & sigma above the specific block. 21:27, 28 August 2023: 854 × 539 (128 KB) Em3rgent0rdr: removed "x" from summation circles, so won't be confused for multiplication: 06:47, 20 August 2023: 854 × 539 (128 KB) Em3rgent0rdr: used new integrator symbol, and named modulation DSM & "demodulation" out: 17:57 ...
Direct Stream Digital (DSD) is a trademark used by Sony and Philips for their system for digitally encoding audio signals for the Super Audio CD (SACD).. DSD uses delta-sigma modulation, a form of pulse-density modulation encoding, a technique to represent audio signals in digital format, a sequence of single-bit values at a sampling rate of 2.8224 MHz.