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Water supply and sanitation (WSS) in the European Union (EU) is the responsibility of each member state, but in the 21st century union-wide policies have come into effect. [citation needed] Water resources are limited and supply and sanitation systems are under pressure from urbanisation and climate change [citation needed].
Right2Water is a campaign to commit the European Union and member states to implement the human right to water and sanitation. [1] It has three stated goals: Guaranteed water and sanitation for all in Europe. No liberalisation of water services. Universal (Global) access to water and sanitation.
The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely. Astronaut Jack Lousma taking a shower in space, 1974
The largest privately owned public water company is Gelsenwasser AG, although 92,9% of it are still owned by various municipalities, [16] which is a multi-utility company (water, sanitation and natural gas distribution) serving 3.2 million inhabitants in North Rhine-Westphalia, under concession agreements with 39 municipalities, and many other ...
Share of the population without access to an improved water source, 2020. Global access to clean water is a significant global challenge that affects the health, well-being, and development of people worldwide. While progress has been made in recent years, millions of people still lack access to safe and clean drinking water sources.
Some of the areas of work of the Protocol are: small scale water supplies, water supply and sanitation in extreme weather events, water-related disease surveillance, equitable access to water and sanitation etc. [36] The Protocol on Water and Health entered into force in 2005. As of 2013, it has been ratified by 26 European states. [37]
Water supply and sanitation in the Netherlands is provided in good quality and at a reasonable price to the entire population. Water consumption is one of the lowest in developed countries at 128 litres per capita per day and water leakage in the distribution network is one of the lowest in the world at only 6%.
Water supply and sanitation in Italy is characterized by mostly good services at prices that are lower than in other European countries with similar income levels. For example, the average monthly residential water and sewer bill in Italy is 20 Euro compared to 31 Euro in France.