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Plants that contribute to nitrogen fixation include the legume family – Fabaceae – with taxa such as clover, soybeans, alfalfa, lupins, peanuts, and rooibos.They contain symbiotic bacteria called Rhizobia within nodules in their root systems, producing nitrogen compounds that help the plant to grow and compete with other plants.
As well as bringing nitrogen into agroecosystems through biological nitrogen fixation, types of cover crops known as "catch crops" are used to retain and recycle soil nitrogen already present. The catch crops take up surplus nitrogen remaining from fertilization of the previous crop, preventing it from being lost through leaching , [ 17 ] or ...
M. bracteate is a cover crop which helps to cover and shield the soil from weeds or plants, as well as providing rapid growth for existing agricultural crops, preventing soil erosion, and providing nitrogen fixation. The Mucuna bracteata crop grows about 10–15 cm/day in conditions similar to those that rubber and palm oil plants thrive in. [1]
The nitrogen-fixing clade consists of four orders of flowering plants: Cucurbitales, Fabales, Fagales and Rosales. [a] This subgroup of the rosids encompasses 28 families of trees, shrubs, vines and herbaceous perennials and annuals. The roots of many of the species host bacteria that fix nitrogen into compounds the plants can use. [4] [5]
The cover plants help reduce soil erosion, suppress weeds, retain water, and fix nitrogen. A living mulch , mainly used in horticulture, involves a second crop used to suppress weeds; a popular choice is marigold , as this has cash value and produces chemicals that repel pests .
Legume cover crops have important positive effects on the nutrient cycling of tree crops. [3] Leguminous living mulches work in three ways: Fixing the atmospheric N2 that is important for the main crop, Recycling soil nutrients, and; Enhancing soil nutrient availability for the main crop.
It can provide large amounts of biomass (7.16 t biomass/ha) and nitrogen to the soil (ranging from 30 to 251 kg/ha). [11] The nitrogen fixation ability not only enables it to meet its own nitrogen requirement, but also benefits the succeeding crops. It can be used as a cover crop before or after cereal crops in rotation, which makes a good ...
Crimson clover is commonly used in agriculture as a nitrogen-fixing cover crop. [3] The plant uses associations with Rhizobium bacteria to fix nitrogen. [ 3 ] The plant is widely grown as a protein -rich forage crop for cattle and other livestock , and is suitable to be made into hay.
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