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CPU time (or process time) is the amount of time that a central processing unit (CPU) was used for processing instructions of a computer program or operating system. CPU time is measured in clock ticks or seconds. Sometimes it is useful to convert CPU time into a percentage of the CPU capacity, giving the CPU usage.
The term "real time" in this context refers to elapsed wall-clock time, like using a stop watch. The total CPU time (user time + sys time) may be more or less than that value. Because a program may spend some time waiting and not executing at all (whether in user mode or system mode) the real time may be greater than the total CPU time.
Wall time is thus different from CPU time, which measures only the time during which the processor is actively working on a certain task or process. The difference between the two can arise from architecture and run-time dependent factors, e.g. programmed delays or waiting for system resources to become available. Consider the example of a ...
time (Unix) - can be used to determine the run time of a program, separately counting user time vs. system time, and CPU time vs. clock time. [1] timem (Unix) - can be used to determine the wall-clock time, CPU time, and CPU utilization similar to time (Unix) but supports numerous extensions.
Closely related to system time is process time, which is a count of the total CPU time consumed by an executing process.It may be split into user and system CPU time, representing the time spent executing user code and system kernel code, respectively.
This extended the range to 2106-02-07 06:28:15 and allowed users to store such timestamp values in tables without changing the storage layout and thus staying fully compatible with existing user data. Starting with Visual C++ 2005, the CRT uses a 64-bit time_t unless the _USE_32BIT_TIME_T preprocessor macro is defined. [36]
Watchdog timers are also used to monitor and limit software execution time on a normally functioning computer. For example, a watchdog timer may be used when running untrusted code in a sandbox, to limit the CPU time available to the code and thus prevent some types of denial-of-service attacks. [2]
nice is a program found on Unix and Unix-like operating systems such as Linux.It directly maps to a kernel call of the same name. nice is used to invoke a utility or shell script with a particular CPU priority, thus giving the process more or less CPU time than other processes.