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The strength of ships is a topic of key interest to naval architects and shipbuilders. Ships which are built too strong are heavy, slow, and cost extra money to build and operate since they weigh more, whilst ships which are built too weakly suffer from minor hull damage and in some extreme cases catastrophic failure and sinking.
Springing is a resonance phenomenon, and it can occur when the natural frequency of the 2-node vertical vibration of the ship equals the wave encounter frequency or a multiple therefrom. [1] Whipping is a transient phenomenon of the same hull girder vibrations due to excessive impulsive loading in the bow or stern of the vessel.
If there were insufficient longitudinal strength, the hull would bend and eventually "break its back." [1] In the days of wooden ship construction, this was the only practical way to build a large ship since the inside and deck planking had to be laid longitudinally, with the deck planking laid upon transverse beams connected to the frames ...
Frames support the hull and give the ship its shape and strength. In wooden shipbuilding, each frame is composed of several sections, so that the grain of the wood can follow the curve of the frame. Starting from the keel, these are the floor (which crosses the keel and joins the frame to the keel), the first futtock , the second futtock , the ...
A deck is a permanent covering over a compartment or a hull [1] of a ship. On a boat or ship, the primary or upper deck is the horizontal structure that forms the "roof" of the hull, strengthening it and serving as the primary working surface. Vessels often have more than one level both within the hull and in the superstructure above the ...
In shipbuilding, the scantling refers to the collective dimensions of the framing [1] (apart from the keel) to which planks or plates are attached to form the hull. [2] The word is most often used in the plural to describe how much structural strength in the form of girders, I-beams, etc., is in a given section.
A hull is the watertight body of a ship, boat, submarine, or flying boat. The hull may open at the top (such as a dinghy ), or it may be fully or partially covered with a deck. Atop the deck may be a deckhouse and other superstructures , such as a funnel, derrick, or mast .
By the Athenian trireme era (500 BC), [1] the hull was strengthened by enclosing the bow behind the ram, forming a bulkhead compartment. Instead of using bulkheads to protect ships against rams, Greeks preferred to reinforce the hull with extra timber along the waterline, making larger ships almost resistant to ramming by smaller ones. [2]