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It was the first legal instrument to codify genocide as a crime, and the first human rights treaty unanimously adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, on 9 December 1948, during the third session of the United Nations General Assembly. [1] The Convention entered into force on 12 January 1951 and has 153 state parties as of June 2024. [2]
The resolution on genocide invited the United Nations Economic and Social Council to draw up an international treaty that would oblige states to prevent and punish acts of genocide. Two years later, the General Assembly adopted the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide , which provided a legal definition of ...
Genocidal intent is the specific mental element, or mens rea, required to classify an act as genocide under international law, [1] particularly the 1948 Genocide Convention. [2] To establish genocide, perpetrators must be shown to have had the dolus specialis , or specific intent , to destroy a particular national, ethnic, racial, or religious ...
Raphael Lemkin's original definition of genocide was broader than that later adopted by the United Nations; he focused on genocide as the "destruction of essential foundations of the life of national groups", including actions that led to the "disintegration of the political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national ...
The 1948 Genocide Convention defines genocide as crimes committed "with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such." Three cases so far have ...
The Basic Principles and Guidelines were placed before the UN General Assembly in its 60th sitting. On 16 December 2005, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Basic Principles and Guidelines as Resolution A/RES/60/147 (2005) by consensus. [16] The Basic Principles and Guidelines were officially published by the United Nations in 2006.
Scholarship varies on the definition of genocide employed when analysing whether events are genocidal in nature. [2] The United Nations Genocide Convention, not always employed, defines genocide as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or ...
Genocide studies is an academic field of study that researches genocide.Genocide became a field of study in the mid-1940s, with the work of Raphael Lemkin, who coined genocide and started genocide research, and its primary subjects were the Armenian genocide and the Holocaust; [1] the Holocaust was the primary subject matter of genocide studies, starting off as a side field of Holocaust ...