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Sulforaphane (sometimes sulphoraphane in British English) is a compound within the isothiocyanate group of organosulfur compounds. [1] It is produced when the enzyme myrosinase transforms glucoraphanin, a glucosinolate, into sulforaphane upon damage to the plant (such as from chewing or chopping during food preparation), which allows the two compounds to mix and react.
Glucoraphanin is converted to sulforaphane by the enzyme myrosinase. [5] In plants, sulforaphane deters insect predators and acts as a selective antibiotic. [6]
With a myrosinase-inactive product, an individual may not convert any of the glucoraphanin to sulforaphane. Because so little is known about the role of human gut microflora at this stage, reliance on the gut microflora with its wide variability could pose a significant limitation on the achievement of a biochemical response.
Ascorbate is a known cofactor of myrosinase, serving as a base catalyst in glucosinolate hydrolysis. [1] [7] For example, myrosinase isolated from daikon (Raphanus sativus) demonstrated an increase in V max from 2.06 μmol/min per mg of protein to 280 μmol/min per mg of protein on the substrate, allyl glucosinolate (sinigrin) when in the presence of 500 μM ascorbate. [4]
They are all members of the order Brassicales, which is characterized by the production of glucosinolates, and of the enzyme myrosinase, which acts on glucosinolates to release isothiocyanates. [ 1 ] Sinigrin is the precursor to allyl isothiocyanate
Erucin is produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the glucosinolate glucoerucin present in Eruca sativa Mill. seeds (Brassicaceae or Cruciferae).Erucin has structural analogies with sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from glucoraphanin, a glucosinolate present in some edible crucifers, and known in the literature for its chemopreventive properties.
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