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Sulforaphane (sometimes sulphoraphane in British English) is a compound within the isothiocyanate group of organosulfur compounds. [1] It is produced when the enzyme myrosinase transforms glucoraphanin, a glucosinolate, into sulforaphane upon damage to the plant (such as from chewing or chopping during food preparation), which allows the two compounds to mix and react.
Glucoraphanin is converted to sulforaphane by the enzyme myrosinase. [5] In plants, sulforaphane deters insect predators and acts as a selective antibiotic. [6]
With a myrosinase-inactive product, an individual may not convert any of the glucoraphanin to sulforaphane. Because so little is known about the role of human gut microflora at this stage, reliance on the gut microflora with its wide variability could pose a significant limitation on the achievement of a biochemical response.
Ascorbate is a known cofactor of myrosinase, serving as a base catalyst in glucosinolate hydrolysis. [1] [7] For example, myrosinase isolated from daikon (Raphanus sativus) demonstrated an increase in V max from 2.06 μmol/min per mg of protein to 280 μmol/min per mg of protein on the substrate, allyl glucosinolate (sinigrin) when in the presence of 500 μM ascorbate. [4]
They are all members of the order Brassicales, which is characterized by the production of glucosinolates, and of the enzyme myrosinase, which acts on glucosinolates to release isothiocyanates. [ 1 ] Sinigrin is the precursor to allyl isothiocyanate
Like other isothiocyanates, it is produced when the enzyme myrosinase transforms the associated glucosinolate into 6-MITC upon cell injury. It is a trend in Japan to apply freshly grated wasabi stem to the hair because Kinin Corporation , the world's largest wasabi producer, claims that 6-MITC promotes hair regrowth.
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When these mustard seeds are broken, the enzyme myrosinase is released and acts on a glucosinolate known as sinigrin to give allyl isothiocyanate. [5] This serves the plant as a defense against herbivores; since it is harmful to the plant itself, [citation needed] it is stored in the harmless form of the glucosinolate, separate from the ...