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  2. History of the Jews in Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Spain

    Don Isaac Abrabanel, a prominent Jewish figure in the 15th century and one of the king's trusted courtiers who witnessed the 1492 expulsion of Jews, informs his readers [44] that the first Jews to reach Spain were brought by ship to Spain by a certain Phiros, a confederate of the king of Babylon in laying siege to Jerusalem. This man was a ...

  3. Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_age_of_Jewish...

    The golden age of Jewish culture in Spain was a Muslim ruled era of Spain, with the state name of Al-Andalus, lasting 800 years, whose state lasted from 711 to 1492 A.D. This coincides with the Islamic Golden Age within Muslim ruled territories , while Christian Europe experienced the Middle Ages .

  4. History of the Jews under Muslim rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_under...

    Jews lived in Kurdistan for thousands of years, before the final and mass migration in 1951–1952 to Israel. For many years, the Jews lived under the rule of the Ottoman and Persian Empires and following World War I, they mainly lived in Iraq, Iran and Turkey, some Jews lived in Syria.

  5. Sephardic Jews - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephardic_Jews

    Observing the Havdalah ritual, 14th-century Spain. The first major and most violent persecution in Islamic Spain was the 1066 Granada massacre, which occurred on 30 December, when a Muslim mob stormed the royal palace in Granada, crucified Jewish vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela and massacred most of the Jewish population of the city after rumors ...

  6. Jews of Catalonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews_of_Catalonia

    In 711 CE, the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by the Muslims. The areas under Islamic rule were called al-Andalus (in Arabic: الأندلس). While little is known about the history of the Jews at the beginning of Islamic rule, we know the Jews began to use the term Sepharad. [10] [11]

  7. History of the Jews in Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Europe

    The Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain refers to a period of history during the Muslim rule of Iberia in which Jews were generally accepted in society and Jewish religious, cultural and economic life blossomed. This "Golden Age" is variously dated from the 8th to 12th centuries.

  8. Mozarabs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozarabs

    Christians and Jews were designated as dhimmi under Sharia (Islamic law). Dhimmi were allowed to live within Muslim society, but were legally required to pay the jizya, a personal tax, and abide with a number of religious, social, and economic restrictions that came with their status. Despite their restrictions, the dhimmi were fully protected ...

  9. Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the...

    The first expedition led by Tariq consisted mainly of Berbers, who had themselves only recently come under Muslim influence. It is probable that this army represented a continuation of a historic pattern of large-scale raids into Iberia dating to the pre-Islamic period, [ 11 ] and hence it has been suggested that actual conquest was not ...