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The shadoof appeared in Upper Egypt sometime after 2000 BC, most likely during the 18th Dynasty. [3] Around the same time, the shadoof reached China. Some historians believe the Egyptians were the original inventors of the shadoof. The theory states that the shadoof originated along the Nile, using tomb drawings illustrating shadoofs at Thebes ...
Hazz al-quhuf is composed in the style of a literary commentary on a 42-line poem purported to be written by a peasant (Arabic: فلاح, fallāḥ) named Abu Shaduf. [1] In his commentary, al-Shirbini describes different customs of peasants and urban dwellers, and notes regional distinctions between the Sa'idi people of Upper Egypt, people of the Nile Delta in Lower Egypt, and the poorest ...
Subsequently, the conquests of Alexander the Great widened Greek horizons and made the traditional Greek city state obsolete. Athens remained a wealthy city with a brilliant cultural life, but ceased to be a leading power. The period following the death of Alexander in 323 BC is known as Hellenistic Greece.
In 264 BC, Sparta formed an alliance with Athens and Ptolomeic Egypt (along with a number smaller Greek cities) in an attempt to break free of Macedon. [112] During the resulting Chremonidean War the Spartan King Areus led two expeditions to the Isthmus where Corinth was garrisoned by Macedonia, he was killed in the second. [113]
Watercolor paper — Painting on Papyrus was invented in Ancient Egypt long before the invention of Paper. Hieroglyphs: ankh, basket, Eye of Horus, Sun Disk-(Gard. N5) Synthetic pigment — The first known synthetic pigment was Egyptian blue, which is first attested on an alabaster bowl in Egypt dated to Naqada III (circa 3250 BC).
The Egyptian city of Cairo was founded by the Fatimid Caliphate and served as its capital city. At the time, Cairo was second only to Baghdad , capital of the rival Abbasid Caliphate . After the fall of Baghdad , however, Cairo overtook it as the largest city in the Mediterranean region until the early modern period .
The King of Sparta, Agesilaus II, dies at Cyrene, Cyrenaica, on his way home to Greece from Egypt. He is succeeded by his son Archidamus III as Eurypontid king of Sparta . As the Illyrians attack the Molossians , the Molossian king Arymbas brings his non-combatant people to safety elsewhere.
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