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Collective memory has been conceptualized in several ways and proposed to have certain attributes. For instance, collective memory can refer to a shared body of knowledge (e.g., memory of a nation's past leaders or presidents); [6] [7] [8] the image, narrative, values and ideas of a social group; or the continuous process by which collective memories of events change.
Memory should not therefore ideally be a zero-sum game with struggles ensuing over scarce resources as proponents of competitive memory would suggest. [3] The individual as well as the collective memory and relations to the past can exist without one being more important than the other.
An individual's understanding of the past is strongly linked to this group consciousness because every person can contribute a different memory or perspective to the collective group memory. Group memory is also different for every group that experiences a certain event, therefore "every group has its own collective memory and that collective ...
Through mutual reconstruction and recounting collective memory is reconstructed. Individuals are born into familial discourse which already provides a backdrop of communal memories against which individual memories are shaped. A group's communal memory becomes its common knowledge which creates a social bond, a sense of belonging and identity.
National memory is a form of collective memory defined by shared experiences and culture. It is an integral part to national identity . It represents one specific form of cultural memory , which makes an essential contribution to national group cohesion .
Cultural memory is a form of collective memory shared by a group of people who share a culture. [1] The theory posits that memory is not just an individual, private experience but also part of the collective domain, which both shapes the future and our understanding of the past.
Transactive memory was initially studied in couples and families where individuals had close relationships but was later extended to teams, larger groups, and organizations to explain how they develop a "group mind", [1] a memory system that is more complex and potentially more effective than that of any of its individual constituents. A ...
While studies of "collected" memory examine "the aggregated individual memories of members of a group," studies of "collective" memory turn to "collective phenomena sui generis"—representations of the past that exist outside the confines of individual minds (e.g., memorials, speeches).