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Temperature-dependency of the heats of vaporization for water, methanol, benzene, and acetone. In thermodynamics, the enthalpy of vaporization (symbol ∆H vap), also known as the (latent) heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the amount of energy that must be added to a liquid substance to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas.
The vapor pressure of water is the pressure exerted by molecules of water vapor in gaseous form (whether pure or in a mixture with other gases such as air). The saturation vapor pressure is the pressure at which water vapor is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed state.
Osmium (from Ancient Greek ὀσμή (osmḗ) 'smell') is a chemical element; it has symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white transition metal in the platinum group that is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element.
Critical temperature in degrees Celsius Absolute critical pressure in kilopascals Since over 100,000 refrigerant blends are possible, [ 2 ] this list should only have notable refrigerants and refrigerant blends.
Canada's annual average temperature over land warmed by 1.7 degrees Celsius between 1948 and 2016. The rate of warming is highest in Canada's north, the Prairies , and northern British Columbia . The country's precipitation has increased in recent years and wildfires expanded from seasonal events to year-round threats.
In July 2009 Seattle's all-time high temperature was broken by a margin of 4 degrees Fahrenheit (2.2 Celsius), [14] then broken again by a margin of 5 F (2.8 C) in June 2021. The single-day precipitation record set in October 2003 saw higher precipitation by nearly 2 inches (50mm) than any other day on record.
Other polar and Arctic outbreaks can cross the mountains and force temperatures to drop to about 12 °F (−11 °C) in central North Carolina. Still, temperatures below zero degrees Fahrenheit are extremely rare outside of the mountains.
Hardiness zones in China. The northern extremities of both Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia have a subarctic climate [5] with long, severe winters, and short, warm summers. [6] In contrast, most of Hainan Island and parts of the extreme southern fringes of Yunnan have a tropical climate. [5]