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The LP (from long playing [2] or long play) is an analog sound storage medium, specifically a phonograph record format characterized by: a speed of 33 + 1 ⁄ 3 rpm; a 12- or 10-inch (30- or 25-cm) diameter; use of the "microgroove" groove specification; and a vinyl (a copolymer of vinyl chloride acetate) composition disk.
A gatefold cover, when folded, is the same size as a standard LP cover (i.e., a 12½-inch [32.7-centimetre] square). The larger gatefold cover provided a means of including artwork, liner notes , and/or song lyrics, which would otherwise not have fit on a standard record cover.
A size chart illustrating the ANSI sizes. In 1992, the American National Standards Institute adopted ANSI/ASME Y14.1 Decimal Inch Drawing Sheet Size and Format, [1] which defined a regular series of paper sizes based upon the de facto standard 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 11 in "letter" size to which it assigned the designation "ANSI A".
Some units had feelers that could detect the size of each record (the three standard sizes being 7, 10 or 12 inches) and accordingly position the tone arm at the start of the disc (its outer edge). Some used a variable-size sensor which allowed sizes other than the standard three to be played. [ 7 ]
After the 1940s, "vinyl" records made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) became standard replacing the old 78s and remain so to this day; they have since been produced in various sizes and speeds, most commonly 7-inch discs played at 45 rpm (typically for singles, also called 45s ("forty-fives")), and 12-inch discs played at 33⅓ rpm (known as an ...
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