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A ball-and-stick model of a bromonium ion formed from cyclopentene. A halonium ion is any onium ion containing a halogen atom carrying a positive charge. This cation has the general structure R− + −R′ where X is any halogen and no restrictions on R, [1] this structure can be cyclic or an open chain molecular structure.
The chemical reactivity of halogen atoms depends on both their point of attachment to the lead and the nature of the halogen. Aromatic halogen groups are far less reactive than aliphatic halogen groups, which can exhibit considerable chemical reactivity. For aliphatic carbon-halogen bonds, the C-F bond is the strongest and usually less ...
Structure of the [I 2 F 12] 2− dimer present in [Me 4 N] + [IF 6] −. Most of the structures of the ions have been determined by IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The polyhalogen ions always have the heaviest and least electronegative halogen present in the ion as the central atom, making the ion asymmetric in ...
A halogen bond is almost collinear with the halogen atom's other, conventional bond, but the geometry of the electron-charge donor may be much more complex.. Multi-electron donors such as ethers and amines prefer halogen bonds collinear with the lone pair and donor nucleus.
Radii in picometers of common halogen atoms (gray/black) and the corresponding halide anions (blue) In chemistry, a halide (rarely halogenide [1]) is a binary chemical compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative (or more electropositive) than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, astatide, or ...
Structure of a bromonium ion. The addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via intermediate halonium ions. In special cases, such intermediates have been isolated. [5] Bromination is more selective than chlorination because the reaction is less exothermic.
Pseudohalogens occur in pseudohalogen molecules, inorganic molecules of the general forms Ps–Ps or Ps–X (where Ps is a pseudohalogen group), such as cyanogen; pseudohalide anions, such as cyanide ion; inorganic acids, such as hydrogen cyanide; as ligands in coordination complexes, such as ferricyanide; and as functional groups in organic ...
The crystal structure of iodine monochloride consists of puckered zig-zag chains, with strong interactions between the chains. Astatine monochloride [7] (AtCl) is made either by the direct combination of gas-phase astatine with chlorine or by the sequential addition of astatine and dichromate ion to an acidic chloride solution.